青藏高原沙棘属植物种实表型多样性和发芽特性研究

摘要

为研究沙棘属植物云南沙棘、江孜沙棘和肋果沙棘各采集点种实表型性状、种子发芽特性及其相关性,通过测定果实的鲜果长、宽、干果长、宽、果实含水量和种子的长度、宽度、长宽比、百粒重、种子含水量等表型性状,以及种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数等发芽特性,并比较浸种时间(12,24,48h)和培养温度(20,25,30℃)对种子发芽的影响.结果表明:青藏高原沙棘属3种植物各采集点种实表型性状和种子发芽特性存在显著差异;浸种24h,30℃发芽条件下,青藏高原沙棘属3个种9个采集地点种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均存在显著差异,其中类乌齐县肋果沙棘发芽率(95.68％)最高,白朗县江孜沙棘(86.00％)最低;温度设定在20～30℃之间,3种沙棘植物种子发芽势和发芽指数差异显著;浸种时间12～48h时,沙棘属植物种子发芽率差异显著;浸种24h,在温度25℃和30℃条件下,沙棘属植物种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高;种子发芽势与种子发芽指数呈极显著正相关,与鲜果宽呈极显著负相关,发芽指数与鲜果宽呈极显著负相关,种子百粒重与鲜果长、种子宽呈极显著正相关.%In order to study the seed phenotypic traits and seeds germination characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.Yunnanensis, Hippophae neurocarpaand Hippophae gyantsensis, and their correlation.The seeds germination were compared by measuring the phenotypic characteristics of seeds and fruits, germination rate, germination potential, germination index and other germination characteristics, and the soaking time (12, 24, 48 h) and culture temperature (20, 25, 30℃).The results showed that there were significant differences in seed phenotypic traits and seed germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Under the condition of soaking seeds for 24 hand 30℃germination, there were significant differences in seeds germination characteristics among the three species of Hippophae and the nine collection sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The highest germination rate was 95.68％ of Hippophae neurocarpain LeiWuqi County, and the lowest was 86.8％ of Hippophae gyantsensisinin Bailang County.When the temperature was 20-30℃, the difference of germination potential and germination index of three Hippophae plants was significant.When the soaking time was 12-48 h, there were significantly difference in the seeds germination rate of Hippophae.The seeds germination rate, germination potential and germination index of Hippophae were the highest 30℃for 24 h.The seed germination potential and germination index was negatively correlated with the fresh fruit width.The 100-grain weight of the seeds was significantly positively correlated with the length of fruit and the seeds width.