几种小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系的种子高分子量谷蛋白亚基比较研究

摘要

为了阐明同核不同细胞质的小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系之间在种子高分子量谷蛋白亚基异同,通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)对T型、Q型、AL型3种小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系共42个小麦种质系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)进行分析.结果表明,保持系绵阳92-8与其3个不育系(T A92-8、Q A92-8、AL92-8)在Glu-A 1和Glu-B 1位点上没有明显差异,但在Glu-D 1位点彼此有显著差异.T型、Q型、AL型不育胞质彼此有一定的差异,不育系与其核供体保持系之间是否有差异,主要取决于特定核质互作关系.恢复系和保持系在谷蛋白亚基组成上也存在一定的差异,主要表现在Glu-A 1位点恢复系多数无带,保持系一般有谱带2*；在Glu-B 1位点,恢复系谱带6、8频率高,谱带7频率低,而保持系相反,即谱带6、8频率低,谱带7频率高.此外,在本研究供试材料中保持系有较多的优质亚基组合,而恢复系有较少的优质亚基组合,这说明恢复系品质不够优良,在以后的改良中需要加强品质选育工作.本研究为T型、Q型、AL型不育系的区分提供了一个有效的方法,对小麦胞质雄性不育性的遗传与生理机制研究有一定的意义.%In order to clarify the differences of seeds of high molecular weight glutenin-subunit ( HMW-GS) among different cytoplasmic male sterile lines with the same nuclear and among A-lines,B-lines and R-lines, HMW-GS in seeds of T-, Q-, Al-type male-sterile lines with same nuclear and their B-lines,and R-lines etc totally 42 wheat germplasm lines were studied by means of SDS-PAGE. The results showed that glutenin subunit composition of B-line Mianyang 92-8 were similar to its three male-sterile lines (TA92-8 ,QA92-8 , AL 92-8) at loci of Glu-A 1 and Glu-B 1 ,but different from each other at locus of Glu-D 1. T,Q, AL-type sterile cytoplasm had certain difference each other,that is to say,differences between the A-lines and B-lines with the same karyon depend on action between karyon and cytoplasm each other. The R-line and the B-line had certain differences of glutenin subunit from each other. R-lines had largely no bands at the Glu-A 1 locus, the high frequencies of the bands 6 and 8 and the low frequencies of the 7-band at the Glu-B 1 locus, and B-lines had largely the band 2 * , the low frequencies of the bands 6 and 8 and the high frequencies of the band 7 at the Glu-B 1 locus. In addition, B-lines had more high quality subunit across than R-lines, we should strengthen quality breeding in the subsequent improvement of varieties. The study provided to an identification method for T-, Q-, Al-type male-sterile lines wheat with same nuclear and certain referrence about cytoplasmic male sterility genetic and physiological mechanisms of research.