不同采果期多花黄精的果实成熟度及种子调制研究

摘要

[目的]研究多花黄精果实最佳采收期和种子调制方法.[方法]9月1日-11月1日每15d采收1次多花黄精果实,分析果实的颜色比例、百果重、百果体积、果实的纵径、横径和果实硬度;不同采收期的种子不同调制处理,分析种子千粒重、发霉率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势.[结果]绿果和半墨绿果的果实成熟度低,墨绿果的果实成熟度高;10月1日未见绿果和半墨绿果,黑软果出现;11月1日干枯果出现.9月1日、9月15日、10月1日采收的绿果分别发酵20,19,16d和墨绿果分别发酵19,16,4d种子质量最好;10月15日和11月1日采收的果实直接搓洗的种子质量较好.[结论]在种子生产中应该采摘墨绿果、黑软果和干枯果.10月1日至10月15日是贵州六枝地区的多花黄精果实最佳采收日期,此时绿果和墨绿果分别发酵16d和阴干处理的种子质量最好.%Objective:To study on the best harvesting time and seed processing of Polygonatum cyrtonema Huad.seed.Methods:Picking the Polygonatum cyrtonema Huad.seeds from September 1st to November 1 st every 15 days,and then analyzing the color ratio,the hundred-grain weight,the hundred-grain volume,the lengthwise fruit,horizontal length and fruit firmness,Treating the fruit in different harvesting time with different modulation,and then analyzing the thousand-grain weight,the percent of moldy seeds,seed viability,germination rate,germination energy of seeds.Results:The maturity of green fruits and half black green fruits are lower than the maturity of black green fruits;There are no green fruits and half black green fruits,and there are black soft fruits on October 1 st;The withered fruits appear on November 1 st.Green fruits picked on September 1 st,September 15 th and October 1 st will get the best quality when ferment 20 d,19 d,16 d respectively and black green fruits do 19 d,16 d,4 d;Fruits picked on October 15 th and November 1 st will get a better quality by scrubbing without any other treatment.Conclusion:Do not pick the green fruits and half black green fruits,and to pick the black green fruits,black soft fruits and withered fruits.The best harvesting time of Polygonatum cyrtonema Huad.seeds in Liuzhi,Guizhou Province is from October 1 st to October 15 th,the quality of green fruit seeds and black green fruit seeds were the best when green fruit were treated after 16 d fermentation and black green fruit were treated to dry in the shade respectively.