Mineral identification has an important and irreplaceable role in the study of geological survey, of which the work level and achievement quality have a great effect on the quality of the whole regional geological survey. For some reasons, mineral identification in regional geological survey has been weakened in the past ten years. This paper discusses the important role of mineral identification in regional geological survey, summarizes systematically the four development stages of mineral identification in regional geological survey in China, and, based on the scientific analyses of the main problems as well as the causal factors in mineral identification in regional geological survey in the past few years, puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the enhancement of mineral identification and the improvement of the quality of regional geological survey.%岩矿鉴定在地质调查研究中具有不可取代的重要作用,其工作水平和成果质量对区调工作的质量影响很大.近十多年来,区调岩矿薄片鉴定工作呈现薄弱化趋势.通过论述区调工作中岩矿薄片鉴定的重要作用；系统总结了我国区调岩矿薄片鉴定的4个发展历史阶段；分析了近年来我国区调岩矿薄片鉴定工作中存在的主要问题及其原因；提出了加强区调项目中岩矿鉴定工作、提升区调工作质量的对策和建议.
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