中美两国采煤塌陷地整治法规政策比较与启示

摘要

Effective polices and regulations are an important assurance for coal mining subsidence area consolidation.Using literature research and comparative analysis,this paper analyzes and compares the policies and regulations of coal mining subsidence area consolidation adopted respectively by China and USA,which is not only valuable for guiding land consolidation management in China but also provides reference for the formulation of relevant policies and regulations in the future.The results of the research indicate that the effective implementation of American regulations and policies of coal mining subsidence areas has been reliant on a good civil society background and a clear institutional arrangement of rights and responsibilities. With the improvement of the socialist market economic system and the deepening development of civil society,it is necessary for Chinese coal mining industry to learn successful experience from the United States,and according to the theory of property rights and the principles of property law norms,to gradually implement usufruct system and then continue to strengthen laws and regulations,purposes of consolidation,financing,management system,incentive mechanism and public participation.%行之有效的法规政策是采煤塌陷地整治顺利推进的重要保障。运用文献研究法和比较分析法，阐述比较中美两国的采煤塌陷地整治法规政策，对中国当前采煤塌陷地整治管理工作具有指导价值，对未来相关政策法规的制订具有借鉴意义。研究结果表明，美国采煤塌陷地法规政策施行效果良好，根源于其良好的市民社会背景和权责清晰的制度安排。随着社会主义市场经济制度逐渐完善，公民社会发展的不断深入，借鉴美国经验，按照物权理论和物权法律规范的原则，中国采煤业应逐渐实行用益物权制度，然后在法规体系、整治用途、资金筹措、管理体制、激励机制、公众参与等方面继续补充加强。