采用一般描述性统计、相关性分析和主成分分析等统计学方法对国家枣种质资源圃200份材料60个表型性状的多样性进行分析。结果表明：1)质量性状之间多样性差异显著，Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数范围在0.33～1.96之间，表现出较高遗传多样性的性状包括果形、树形、叶基形状、枣头色泽、叶尖形状、果实颜色6个；2)数量性状变异系数和多样性指数分别在2.39%～86.84%和0.99～2.10之间，表现出广泛的变异性；3)数量性状间呈极显著和显著相关性的分别有68对和27对，通过 R型变量聚类分为5类，充分反映了各性状之间的亲疏关系；4)枣头长度、二次枝长度、吊果率等12个数量性状含有丰富的遗传信息，可作为优先鉴定内容和重要的评价项目；5)枣特异种质类型与普通类型之间存在1～2个显著的表型质量性状差异，包括二次枝弯曲度、果形、核壳的有无等，应划分为变型为宜。%In this study,60 phenotypic characters of 200 accessions collected from the national jujube( Ziziphus jujuba) germplasm resources garden were analyzed by descriptive statistics,diversity test,correlation and principal component analyses. The results showed: 1 ) There were significant differences in qualitative characters,with Shannon-Wiener indexes between 0. 33 –1. 96. The genetic traits with high diversity included fruit shape,tree shape,leaf base shape, color of fruit head,leaf tip shape,and fruit color; 2) The quantitative characters showed wide variations,with variable coefficients and Shannon-Wiener indexes of 2. 39%–86. 84% and 0. 99 –2. 10,respectively;3) There were 68 pairs of extremely significant correlations and 27 pairs of significant correlations among quantitative characters,showing the relationship closeness,which could be divided into 5 groups by R-type variable clustering; 4 ) The twelve quantitative characters,including extension shoot length,secondary shoot length,and fruit rate per fruiting shoot,had rich genetic information and should be preferentially considered as important characterization and evaluation items; 5 ) There were significant differences in 1 – 2 phenotypic quality traits between rare and common jujube germplasms,including pit existence,fruit shape,secondary shoot tortuosity,and they should be classified as formas.
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