Objective]In order to reveal the ant distribution feature in southeastern Tibet,the ant distribution patterns in Galongla Mountains and Medog Valley were investigated. This study would provide a reference for biodiversity protection in the region.[Method]Sample-plot and searching methods were used to investigate distribution patterns of ant species in Galongla Mountains and Medog Valley. A sample-plot was set at every 250 m along the altitude. Within each selected sample-plot,five quadrats,each with 1 m × 1 m,were set and the quadrat spacing was 10 m. In each quadrat,the ants from the land surface,soil and plants were investigated. After the sample-plot investigation,all places in the sample-plot were investigated by 5 people for one hour. [Result]A total of 20 371 ant individuals were collected from Galongla Mountains and Medog Valley,and belonged to 96 species,45 genera,and 8 subfamilies of Formicidae. The subfamily of Myrmicinae was richest in genera and species (18 genera and 44 species involved) among the 8 subfamilies,followed by Ponerinae with 24 species in 10 genera. The subfamilies of Pseudomyrmecinae,Dorylinae and Leptanillinae each had only 1 genus and 1 species. The genus of Pheidole was richest in species (10 species involved) among the 45 genera. Most ant species from Galongla Mountains and Medog Valley distributed below the elevation of 2 000 m. Over the all species, Pheidole sagei had the widest range in vertical distribution,and the elevation difference was up to 1 510 m. Valley rainforest was richest in ant species among the 10 habitat types. The ant species nesting and forage on the ground were the richest among all types of nesting and forge sites. In addition,some species could also forge on the tree. Moreover,95 ant species distributed in south slope and only 5 species distributed in north slope. Myrmica bactriana occupied the widest range of habitats,nesting and forage sites.[Conclusion]The distribution of ant species in Galongla Mountains and Medog Vally is restricted by altitude and plant richness. At the same time,distribution patterns of ant species are affected by slope aspect. As for nesting and forging sites choice,ants firstly ensure the nest relatively dry and the plentiful source of food. Thus ants choose different habitat and foraging and nesting sites, which would avoid the intraspecific and interspecific competition and be in favor of the establishment and development of ant colony.%【目的】调查研究藏东南地区蚂蚁物种分布格局，为当地生物多样性保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法和搜索法研究嘎隆拉山和墨脱河谷蚂蚁物种分布格局。沿山体海拔每上升250 m 选取1块样地，在每块选定的样地内设置5个1m ×1m样方，样方间距10m。每个样方由地表样、土壤样和树冠样组成。样地调查完成后由5人在样地内用搜索法进行1h蚂蚁调查，包括地表、石下、朽木下、朽木内、植物上等各种场所。【结果】在藏东南嘎隆拉山和墨脱河谷共采集蚂蚁20371头，隶属于8亚科45属96种，其中切叶蚁亚科18属44种，猛蚁亚科10属24种，伪切叶蚁亚科、行军蚁亚科和细蚁亚科仅1属1种，大头蚁属种类最丰富，有10种；在该地区采集的大多数蚂蚁物种仅分布于海拔2000 m以下的低海拔区域，塞奇大头蚁的垂直分布范围最宽，高差达1510 m；在10类生境中，沟谷雨林的物种最丰富，在所有筑巢和觅食场所中，以地表筑巢和觅食的物种最丰富，有部分蚂蚁还可以上树觅食；嘎隆拉山和墨脱河谷南坡分布有95种蚂蚁，北坡仅分布有5种；棒结红蚁是该地区占据生境类型、觅食与筑巢场所最多的物种。【结论】嘎隆拉山和墨脱河谷蚂蚁物种的分布受海拔和植物丰富度制约，同时还受坡向影响；筑巢与觅食场所的选择，首先保证蚁巢的相对干燥和食物的资源，对不同生境和栖息与觅食场所的选择分化可避免种内和种间的竞争，有利于蚁群的建立和发展。
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