黄淮海冲积平原区粮食生产生态成本探究

摘要

[Objective] Food production are bound to affect the ecological environment. In this paper, the ecological costs of food production were investigated in the alluvial region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. [ Method] Based on the theory of soil erosion and water pollution, using economic and ecological methods to estimate the ecological costs of food production. The grey relationship matrix analysis was used to analyze various factors affecting the ecological costs of food production. [Result] Ecological damage due to grain production in this region was equivalent to 2％ of the total agricultural output in 2008. Ecological costs in this region reached 1.51 yuan/kg for wheat and 1.12 yuan/kg for maize in 2008. However, unit sales were 1.62 yuan/kg for wheat and 1.38 yuan/kg for maize. The combination of high production costs and low income affected sustainable development in this region. Yields, acreage, agriculture mechanical costs and labor costs were important factors affecting the ecological costs of food production, chemical fertilizer costs, organic fertilizer costs, pesticides costs and irrigation costs had less impact on the ecological costs of food production. Ecological costs of food production in this region declined as the amount of cultivated land per family increased. [Conclusion] Under current production conditions, moderate improvement of the level of science and technology inputs and expansion of the scale of family agricultural production, then the ecological costs of food production would be reduced. These changes would be conducive to achieving sustainable development of the ecological economy of this region.%[目的]粮食生产必然对生态环境造成影响.以黄淮海冲积平原区河北省曲周县为研究对象,对粮食生产生态成本进行研究.[方法]依据水土流失和水环境污染相关理论,运用生态学和经济学方法对生态成本进行估算;采用灰色关联法对粮食生产生态成本中的各个因素进行分析.[结果]2008年该区粮食生产生态损失总价值相当于当年农业总产值的2%;小麦和玉米生态成本已分别达到1.51元/kg、1.12元/kg,而出售单价分别为1.62元/kg、1.38元/kg,高成本低收益的情况对该区域生态经济可持续发展产生着不利影响;单位面积产量、播种面积、农业机械费用和劳动力支出费用是影响粮食生产生态成本的重要因素,化肥费用、有机肥费用、农药费用和灌溉费用对粮食生产生态成本的影响较小;生态成本随着家庭种植规模的变大呈现出下降趋势.[结论]在当前生产力水平条件下,适度加强科学技术的投入,扩大家庭种植规模,可降低生产单位粮食的生态成本,有利于实现该区域生态经济可持续发展.