高温对设施甜樱桃花器官发育的影响

摘要

[目的]探讨花芽萌动期短时间高温处理对设施甜樱桃花器官发育的影响.[方法]以人工气候室中培养的4年生盆栽'红灯'甜樱桃为试材,于花芽萌动期雄蕊发育的不同阶段进行短时间高温处理后,观察对花器官发育、花器官外观表现和花期的影响.[结果]设施甜樱桃花芽萌动期不同阶段的4 h 35℃高温处理对雌、雄生殖器官发育和花期花器官表现都有显著影响.较早高温处理对雄蕊发育的抑制程度强于雌蕊,花期雄蕊变褐率极显著增加,甚至会导致雄蕊完全败育,花期明显变短;越临近花期的高温处理,花期雌蕊枯萎率和花冠卷曲率明显高于其它处理,并且对始花期促进作用越明显;不同阶段短时间高温处理后都未发现大孢子产生和分化异常.[结论]甜樱桃花芽萌动期的雌、雄生殖器官发育过程中对短时间高温胁迫的敏感时期和敏感性不同.%[Objective]The aim of the experiment is to explore the reasons of low flowering quality of cherry cultured in greenhouse.[Method]Effects of high temperature on flower development and flowering time of sweet cherry were studied using 4-year-old potted ‘Hongdeng’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.Hongdeng) trees.[Result]Results showed that the development of reproductive organs and the appearances of flower organs were significantly affected by high temperature of 35℃during sprouting period.Earlier high temperature had stronger inhibitory effect on the development of the stamens than on the pistils, leading to brown stamens, even abortive stamen.The florescence was also shortened significantly.As high temperature got close to bud sprouting, the rate of blasted pistil and curled corolla increased, and the first flowering dates were affected more obviously.No exceptional megaspores were found in all high temperature treatments.[Conclusion]The results showed that the developing pistil and stamen organs had different sensitive stages and sensitivities to high temperature during the sprouting period.