胚胎移植方法和受体母猪因素对克隆猪生产效率的影响

摘要

[Objective] In order to establish an efficient embryo transfer technology and improve the production efficiency of cloned pigs, the present study was investigated different embryo transfer methods, gestational age and synchronization status of recipients on cloning pigs. [Method] Cloned embryos ware transferred with different methods to different status recipient, the delivery rates and the cloning efficiency were compared. The optimal synchronization time of recipient was determined by using co-transfer of different kinds of cloned embryos with similar developmental ability at different development stages. [Result] The method of transferring embryos through oviduct umbrella receive higher delivery rate and cloning efficiency (2.2% vs 0.4%, P<0.01) than the method of oviduct puncture, and insemination after embryos transfer had a negative effect on cloning efficiency (0.6% vs 2.2%, P<0.01). The litter size and cloning efficiency were higher when using sows as recipient than gilts ((5.5±0.7) vs (2.7±0.3), P <0.05 and 3.0% vs 0.8%, P<0.01 respectively). Higher cloning efficiency was found in the group of recipient estrous time posterior of 12-36 h to the embryo activation when compared to the meanwhile and prior of 12-24 h groups (2.0% vs 0.5% vs 0%, P<0.05), and the optimal recipient synchronization time is the time of estrous posterior 24 h to embryo activation, and the cloning efficiency reached 3.0%. [ Conclusion ] An efficient embryos transfer technology was established in pig cloning by transferring embryos through oviduct umbrella and by using natural estrous sows beginning heat posterior 24 h to embryo activation as recipient.%[目的]建立高效的胚胎移植技术体系,以提高克隆猪的生产效率.[方法]比较不同移植方法和不同受体母猪状况的胚胎移植分娩率和克隆猪的出生效率,利用体外发育能力相似的不同品种和发育阶段的克隆胚胎混合移植确定最佳的受体母猪发情同期时间.[结果]克隆胚胎经由输卵管伞移植比输卵管打孔移植具有更高的移植分娩率和克隆猪效率(2.2％和0.4％,P＜0.01),而胚胎移植后辅助人工授精会降低克隆效率(0.6％和2.2％,P＜0.01).利用经产母猪作为移植受体比青年猪受体具有更高的克隆效率(3.0％和0.8％,P＜0.01)和平均窝产仔数((5.5±0.7)头和(2.7±0.3)头,P＜0.05).受体母猪发情时间比胚胎激活时间晚12-36 h组的克隆效率分别为显著(P＜0.05)和极显著(P＜0.01),高于晚0h和早12-24 h组的克隆效率(2.0％、0.5％和0％).最佳的受体母猪发情时间为晚于克隆胚胎激活后24 h,克隆效率达3.0％.[结论]选择自然发情时间晚于克隆胚激活后24h的经产母猪为受体,通过输卵管伞端移植胚胎,能够获得较高的克隆效率,是猪克隆胚胎移植的较理想方法.