企业异质性与出口：基于中国制造业企业数据的检验

摘要

基于异质企业模型，运用1998-2007年中国制造业14个行业的企业数据，从两方面检验企业异质性与出口行为之间的关系，即企业异质性与出口状态（出口与否）之间关系的检验和企业异质性与出口规模之间关系的检验。研究结果表明，总体上看，中国企业出口行为基本符合异质企业模型的预测，即生产率高的企业选择出口，且生产率越高出口规模越大，而生产率低的企业仅仅或主要服务于国内市场，但这一关系在内外资企业之间存在较大差别。此外，虽然人力资源、技术创新等因素亦对企业出口规模有显著作用，但总体上看生产率仍然是我们所考虑的变量中最为稳定、重要的因素。%This paper uses 1998-2007 firm-level data of 14 manufacturing industries in China and heterogeneous firm model to make empirical analysis on relationship between firm heterogeneity and export behavior from two perspectives , i.e.the relationship between firm heterogeneity and export state ( export or not ) and the relationship between firm heterogeneity and export scale.Empirical evidence demonstrates that Chinese firms act in accordance with the expectation of heterogene -ous firm model on the whole , that is, the firms with higher TFP ( total factor productivity ) tend to enter and sell more in the foreign market and the firms with lower TFP mainly or merely sell in domestic market , but a great difference exists between domestic and foreign invested firms.In addition , although the factors such as human resources and technology innovation have significant effects on export scale , TFP still plays the most stable and important role among the variables in our empiri-cal model on average.