China is a big country consuming vegetable seeds. However,most of the market profits flow to foreign compa-nies. The vegetable breeding in China exhibits many realistic dilemmas. Specifically,a conventional breeding strategy has taken grain as the key link for a long time while vegetable breeding is weakened;research strength for the vegetable breed-ing is so scattered that no resultant force can be formed;research basis is too weak and technical reserve is inadequate;and scientific research targets are paper-oriented while market-oriented capacity is deficient. To deal with the dilemmas, breeding scientific research departments should recognize that genetic resources are rich in our country;market demands for the vegetable seeds are enormous;and breeding enthusiasms of enterprises are relatively high. On the basis,a market-ori-ented breeding system should be explored and established;breeding breakthrough points should be selected reasonably and accurately;breeding industrial chains should be improved;and collaborative innovation and regional cooperation should be promoted.%作为蔬菜用种大国的中国，其绝大部分的市场利润流向外国公司。中国的蔬菜育种研究表现出诸多现实困境：育种定位长期“以粮为纲”，弱化蔬菜；科研力量过度分散，不能形成合力；研究基础薄弱，技术储备不足；科研目标“论文导向”，市场化能力欠缺。为了应对这些困境，育种研究部门应充分认识到我国种质资源丰富、市场需求量大、企业育种积极性高等优势，并探讨建立市场化育种体系、合理准确选择育种突破点、完善育种产业链、促进协同创新和区域协作。
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