我国科技奖励设奖与科技发达国家的比较

摘要

世界科技发达国家科技奖励设奖各有其有效做法，如美国、法国、日本和印度，重视社会力量设奖，重视青年奖、女性奖、国际奖和科普奖，奖励对象以个人为主，物质与精神奖励并重。我国科技奖励设奖主体以各级政府为主，奖项较少针对青年和女科学家、国际和科普，授奖对象重科技项目，奖励形式重物质奖励。借鉴科技发达国家有效做法，在设奖主体、奖项设置、奖励对象、奖励形式及额度等方面进行改革，可以提高我国科技奖励制度效能。%The world’s technologically advanced countries,such as the United States,France,Japan and India,use their own methods to make science and technology awards function effectively.In general,these countries give more atten-tion to non -governmental science and technology awards.As to awards setting,they have appropriate number of awards specific to youths,women,international society and dissemination of science.The awards are mainly individual -oriented and they focus on both material and mental rewards.However,in Chinese science and technology awards,the government at all levels dominates;there are short of the awards specific to youths,women,international society and dissemination of science;the awards are mainly program -oriented and its form cares more about material rewards.The efficacy of Chinese science and technology awards can be improved after learning the effective methods from these technologically advanced countries and doing some reforms in the dominant role of prize,awards setting,the target group and the form and amount of the awards.