降雨径流的多重环境效应

摘要

In order to study the multiple environmental impacts of surface rainfall runoff , the rainfall runoff of three kinds of underlying surface including the road surface of teaching area and living area and the roof runoff of of -fice building in a campus of Guangzhou were monitored .The variation of the microbial biomass , the activity of mi-crobial enzyme , nitrogen and phosphorus and suspended particles were analyzed , the influence of the underlying surface and antecedent dry period on microbial were explored , the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and the corre-lation between pollutants were analyzed .The results show that there are great differences in the environmental effects of different underlying surface rainfall runoff , and the runoff control strategy should be different .The under-lying surface types and antecedent dry period are the important factors affecting the runoff of microorganisms .the EMC value of microbial biomass and the microbial activity of roof runoff is 3.04 times and 2.19 times of road sur-face runoff .Dissolved nitrogen and particulate phosphorus are important output forms of nutrients in rainfall runoff . The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was higher in the early stage of rainfall , and the concentration de-creased gradually and tended to be stable with the increase of rainfall time .Particulate matter that is less than 100μm is mainly migrated along with rainfall runoff .The correlation analysis showed that TSS was significantly positive-ly correlated with TP and COD cr , removal suspended matter is an effective way to control the pollution of rainfall runoff.%为探究地表降雨径流的多重环境效应，选择广州市某校园教学区路面、生活区路面和办公楼屋面3种下垫面对其降雨径流进行监测，分析了微生物量、微生物活性、氮磷以及悬浮颗粒物的变化特征，并探讨了下垫面和雨前干期对微生物的影响、径流中氮磷营养盐的赋存形态以及污染物间的相关性。结果表明：不同下垫面降雨径流的环境效应存在较大差异，应针对其特征制定不同的径流控制对策；下垫面和雨前干期是影响降雨径流中微生物的重要因素，屋面径流微生物量与微生物活性的事件平均浓度EMC是路面径流的3．04倍与2．19倍；溶解态氮和颗粒态磷是降雨径流中营养盐的重要输出形态，降雨初期氮磷污染物浓度较高，随降雨时间延长浓度逐渐下降并趋于稳定值；随降雨径流迁移的主要是小于100μm的颗粒物，相关性分析表明TSS与TP、CODcr呈显著正相关，去除悬浮物是控制降雨径流污染的有效途径。