基于沉积过程的储层表征研究进展及发展趋势

摘要

沉积过程的分析是从沉积成因角度恢复和再现地质体的沉积演化过程,同时是阐明沉积地质体形成机理的重要研究手段.基于沉积过程的储层表征以沉积成因为切入点,通过合理的重建储层沉积过程表征储层,更有利于储层形成机理的研究.近年随着沉积学的发展及相关学科科学技术的进步,沉积过程的研究呈现全面发展的态势:利用现代沉积提供的不同时段沉积影像资料,获取不同时期沉积特征进而重建连续的沉积演化过程;通过物理沉积模拟实验,在短时间内再现和重建沉积过程;利用数值模拟方法,在给定合理参数的前提下定量模拟沉积过程;利用露头结合探地雷达,精细刻画储层内部结构,进而探讨沉积过程理解储层形成机理;在地下密井网条件下,应用多井所揭示的沉积构型特征及其之间的关系,结合地震连续切片成果,明确储层三维空间展布,在沉积学原理指导下恢复其演化过程.各种研究方法为储层沉积过程的研究提供了技术支持,同时各方法又存在其自身的不足,有待进一步完善.今后储层沉积过程的研究应在完善各研究方法的基础上不断融合发展,综合多方面的资料,借鉴不同方法所给予的启示,最终合理的重建沉积过程更好的表征储层并揭示储层形成机理.%Sedimentary process analysis is to restore and rebuild sedimentary evolution from the perspective of sedimentary origin.It is also an important way to elucidate the formation mechanism of reservoir.Taking the sedi-mentary origin as breakthrough point,reservoir characterization based on sedimentary process using the method of restoring sedimentary process to characterize the reservoir,this is more conducive to study the formation mechanism of reservoir.In recent years,with the development of sedimentology and related disciplines the progress of science and technology,the research of sedimentary process had all-round development.Using the images of present sedi-ment in different periods to analyze sediment characteristics and to rebuild continuous evolution process.Taking physical simulation to restore sedimentary process in a short time.Under the premise of giving reasonable parame-ter,using numerical simulation to quantitative simulate the sedimentary process.In combination with ground pene-trating radar(GPR), taking the outcrop to analyze reservoir internal architecture, using those results to rebuild sedimentary process and to understand the formation mechanism.In combination with the results of continuous seis-mic slice,the distribution of reservoir in all directions is clarified under the analysis of architecture elements and their relationships from wells.Under the guidance of the principles of sedimentology, the sedimentary process can be rebuilt.Various research methods provided the analysis of reservoir sedimentary process with technical support. However,each method has its own deficiencies and remains to be further improved.In the future,the sedimentary process analysis should combine the advantages of different methods and use comprehensive data to rebuild the sedi -mentary process,which can well characterize the reservoir and reveal the formation mechanism.