清代以来的海岛饥荒与社会生态--以福建省平潭县为例

摘要

Pingtan County residents have been falling into the whirlpool ofthe East Asian multi-unit military forces and been forced to migrate frequentlysince the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the peacetime, Pingtan County residents plunged into the continuousfamine also. The incidence of frequent famine, was related tothe simple and single ecological chainof island social ,that makes the island society extremely fragile. If there was a slight sign of trouble, adestructive disaster would happen. Islanders took efforts to change the structure of singlechain , such asplanting the massive peanuts, establishing the financial system, etc.,Butthe structure of ecology chain is still fragile. Pingtan is a typical case of showing marine ecological fragile area, which representsthe general situationofthe coastal island area, such as Yuhuan, Dongtou.%明清以来平潭县岛上居民处于东亚多股军事力量的漩涡之中，经历了频繁的迁徙。进入和平时期后，又陷入持续不断的大饥荒之中。经常性饥荒的发生，与海岛社会生态链的简单、单一有关，这种简单、单一的生态链使得海岛社会极度脆弱，稍有风吹草动，即有灭顶之灾。海岛居民并非没有去尝试改变单一生态结构的努力，花生的大量种植，金融体系的建立等等，是平潭岛民主要的措施，但都没有改变单一生态的基本结构。平潭是海洋生态脆弱区的典型案例，代表了沿海岛屿地区的一般情形，如玉环、洞头也是此类情况。