By building the provincial Theil index panel database in China and thus utilizing spatial econometric model,the present a-nalysis studies the effect of the policy factors on Chinaˊs Urban-rural income gap under the background of the gradually loosening of the household registration system. The results show that institutional factors( such as urbanization,marketization,transfer payment,open-ing to the outside world)significantly influence and adjust the income distribution in Chinaˊs urban and rural areas. The results also show that the relevant incentive measures are needed to guarantee the desired effect of policy about transfer payment system. This proves from another aspect that the inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic development and income distribution is not an unconditional natural tendency,but rather,the results of selection and implementation of the policies by governments.%构建我国分省泰尔指数的面板数据库，进而使用空间计量模型对户籍制度逐渐松动背景下政策因素对我国城乡收入差距的影响进行研究；结果表明制度性因素（城镇化、市场化、转移支付、对外开放）对城乡收入分配状况有重要影响和调节作用，且转移支付制度产生预期政策效果还需要相关激励措施的配合；这从侧面论证了经济发展与收入分配之间倒U形关系并非无条件的自然趋势，而是政府对政策的选择和实施的结果。
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