生物样品的扫描电镜制样干燥方法

摘要

To preserve important biological structures and obtain satisfying images,it is important to select an appropriate method for the drying of biological samples.The drying method can be selected according to the characteristics of biological samples,the requirements of scanning electron microscopic observation and the equipment condition.To acquire the general principles for the selection of drying methods,the related Chinese literature in the VIP Chinese journal database,the China Knowledge Network and other well-known Chinese core periodical databases were search.A total of 122 related papers since 2001 were classified according to the types of biological samples and the drying methods.Five of the most commonly used drying methods are the natural drying method,the bake-drying method,the critical point drying method,the tert-butyl alcohol vacuum-drying method and the freeze-drying method.The applications,effects,advantages and disadvantages of these drying methods in biological sample preparation process for scanning electron microscopic observation were analyzed and the appropriate drying methods for samples of different microorganisms,plants and animals were summarized.%为获得良好的生物样品干燥和扫描电镜观察效果,应根据生物样品的特点、观察要求和设备条件来选择合适的干燥方法.通过查阅维普期刊和中国知网等数据库中自2001年以来的122篇文献,重点比较了自然干燥法、烘干干燥法、临界点干燥法、叔丁醇真空干燥法和冷冻干燥法在扫描电镜生物样品制备过程中的应用、优缺点和效果,归纳总结了微生物、植物和动物样品干燥方法的一般性选择原则.微生物样品可选用较为简单的自然干燥法或烘干干燥法；植物样品多选择临界点干燥法或叔丁醇真空干燥法；而动物样品的首选干燥方法是临界点干燥法,但仍需根据具体情况进行选择.因此,按样品种类列出了可供参考的文献,以期为研究人员选择生物样品的扫描电镜制样方法提供帮助.