洞庭湖湿地的外来入侵植物研究

摘要

Based on the field survey during 2007-2011, the species composition, distribution, origin, life forms, invasive habitats, introduction paths, and damage extent of invasive plants in Dongting Lake wetlands were investigated. A total of 43 invasive species, belonging to 34 genera and 19 families, were recorded. Composite and Amaranthaceae are the most common family, consisting of 7 and 6 species respectively. Harmful species included Populus deltoids, Populus euramevicana, A Iternanthera philoxeroides. Daucus carota, Centella asiatica, Eichhornia crassipes, Phytolacca A mericana, Phytolacca Americana, Pistia stratiotes. Among the invasive species, 86% were herbs, 62.8% were distributed in flood control bank or roadside and 55.8% were originated from America. These invasive plants were introduced by intentional (48.8% ) or unconscious (37.2%) human activities.%2007-2011年间通过对洞庭湖湿地大面积实地踏察,对外来植物的种类、分布、来源、生活型、入侵生境、引入途径以及危害程度进行了统计分析.研究表明,该湿地有外来入侵植物19科34属43种,以菊科和苋科植物最常见,分别有7种和6种.危害较大的有美洲杨树(Populus deltoides)、意大利杨(Populus euramevicana)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、积雪草(Centella asiatica)、凤眼莲(Eichhomia crassipes)、垂序商陆(Phytolacca A mericana)、五叶地锦(Phytolacca Americana)和大藻(Pistia stratiotes)等.外来入侵植物以草本植物为主,占总数的86％.入侵种主要分布于防洪大堤及路边,占总数的62.8％.外来入侵种主要来源于美洲,占55.8％.入侵途径主要是通过人类有意(48.8％)或无意引入(37.2％).