农村微水利是指渠沟塘堰等农村毛细水利设施,以及农户自发进行的清淤肥田、末级渠系维护、田间院落水土整治等农田水利建设活动.实行家庭承包经营以来,农村微水利呈现出衰退趋势的主要表现为:池塘淤积、沟渠遭废弃,村落水土流失疏于治理.微水利的衰退直接导致农业抵御水旱灾害的能力减弱.河南、湖北、湖南三省18村526农户调查结果表明,农民就业的非农化趋势越强,农民对农村的生活面向越弱,其从事微水利建设的可能性越小;农村各类精英所构成的社会资本越丰富,则微水利建设开展的可能性越大;反之则反.农村微水利的社会重建,应在建立专项财政农田水利资助体系,培育农村微水利的市场建设主体,整合农村人力资源,通过重建农村社会生活来重振农村微水利社会基础等方面下功夫.%The rural mic-water resources refer to both ending water resources facilities, such as ponds, irrigation ditch, and so on, and construction activities including dredging, ditch, soil and water loss control, etc. Since Family-Contract-Management, the rural mic-water resources have been always in the tendency of decline mainly displayed by ponds' silt, ditches' abandoned, soil and water loss, abatement of agriculture capacity to resist flood and drought disasters. Investigation in Henan, Hubei, Hunan provinces which including 526 peasants (spreading in 18 villages) shows that the stronger peasants' non-agricultural employment trend is, and the more slightingly peasants regard the living value in the countryside, the less possibility there is in constructing the rural mic-water resources; the more social capital made up of the rural elites are, the more possibility the rural mic-water resources will been built, Whereas the reverse. How to reconstruct rural mic-water resources by rural social way? Our suggestion will focus on the establishment of the finance system devoted to support basic farmland water conservancy; cultivation market construction main body to build rural mic-water resources; integration of the rural human resources and revival the rural micro irrigation social base by rebuilding the rural social life.
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