农民合作社的规模、治理机制与农产品质量安全控制--基于集体行动理论的视角

摘要

Farmers cooperatives can play an important role in the control of the quality and safety of agricultural products. While the result of quality control of agricultural products will be inlfuenced signiifcantly by the scales and governance mechanisms of farmers cooperatives. Based on the theory of collective action and assuming the process of quality control of cooperatives being a result of the collective actions of the cooperatives, this paper analyzed the relationship between the scales of the cooperatives and the quality control of agricultural products, and explored the internal governance mechanisms of the cooperatives based on the quality control of agricultural products. Results show that the cooperatives should maintain a proper scale in order to achieve economies of scale, and enhance the power of farmers to produce high quality agricultural products through more patronage dividend. However, it is not conducive to the quality control of agricultural products if the scales of cooperatives are too large. At the same time, farmers cooperatives should construct its internal governance mechanism based on the quality control of agricultural products, which includes implementing membership management to control the scale of cooperatives, improving the exit management of cooperatives based on the quality control of agricultural products, designing the reasonable constraint mechanism for the production behaviors of farmers, and enhancing the exclusive attribute and the ability of quality premium of agricultural products from farmers cooperatives. Furtherly, this paper provides the following suggestions to implement the scale control of cooperatives effectively and to improve the capacity to control the quality and safety of agricultural products: 1) improving the internal governance structure and strengthening the authority and management ability of the council of cooperatives; and 2) enhancing the industrial policy support for the development of cooperatives.%农民合作社是控制农产品质量安全的有效载体，但农民合作社的规模和内部治理机制对农产品质量控制的效果有着重要影响。基于集体行动理论，将农民合作社的农产品质量控制视作合作社集体行动的结果，分析合作社的规模与农产品质量控制的关系，探讨基于农产品质量控制的合作社内部治理机制问题。结果表明，合作社应保持一定规模以实现规模经济效益，通过更多的盈余返还增强农户生产高质量农产品的动力；但合作社的规模过大不利于农产品质量控制。同时，合作社应构建基于农产品质量控制的内部治理机制，包括通过准入管理合理控制合作社规模、完善基于农产品质量控制的合作社退出管理、设计合理的农户生产行为约束机制、增强合作社农产品的排他属性和质量溢价能力。因此，为了有效实施规模控制、提升合作社的农产品质量安全治理能力，提出了完善合作社内部治理结构，加强理事会的权威性和管理能力；加强对合作社发展的产业政策支持的对策建议。