小农水治理对农村社会管理制度的嵌入性是指小农水治理嵌入农村社会管理制度之中，即小农水治理与农村社会管理制度相联系并受农村社会管理制度影响。人民公社制度下，人民公社及村级基层组织拥有的强大农村社会动员及农村公共事务管理功能有效提升了小农水治理绩效；但人民公社制度本身的缺陷使小农水治理中诸如集体行动困境等问题并未完全解决。“乡政村治”制度下，乡镇政府及村级基层组织农村社会动员及农村公共事务管理功能的弱化导致了小农水“建”“管”“用”陷入困境，但随着“乡政村治”制度的不断完善，其对小农水治理的积极影响必将充分展现。只有重构农村社会管理制度环境：构建财政支持小农水治理的长效投入机制、长效激励机制及有效监督机制以强化小农水治理中的国家力量，实现乡镇政府、村级基层组织治水功能的制度创新以强化小农水治理中的乡村基层组织力量，构建农民参与的市场引导机制、组织引领机制和精神激励机制以强化小农水治理中的农民力量；才能实现新时代背景下的小农水善治。%The embeddedness of governance of small irrigation water facilities in the rural social management institution is that the governance of small irrigation water facilities is embedded in the rural social management institution, namely the governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities is associated with and affected by the rural social management institution. The strong function of rural social mobilization and the rural public affairs management which People’s communes and village-level organizations had under the institution of People’s commune effectively improved the governance performance of small-scale irrigation water facilities;but the problem such as collective action dilemma in the governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities had not been fully resolved because of itself defects of the institution of People’s commune. The weakened function of the rural social mobilization and the rural public affairs management which towns’ governments and village-level organizations had under the institution of“township governing and villagers’ autonomy”made the“building”,“managing”and“using”of small-scale irrigation water facilities into trouble, but the active impacts of institution of “township governing and villagers’ autonomy” to the governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities will be demonstrated with the improvement of this institution. Only is the environment of the rural social management institution reconstructed:building the mechanism of long-term investment, long-term incentive mechanism and effective supervision mechanism by which the governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities is supported in order to strengthen national power, realizing the institution innovation of the function for towns’ governments and village-level organizations to govern water in order to strengthen the strength of countryside basic-level organizations, constructing the market guiding mechanism, the organizations leading mechanism and spirit incentive mechanism in order to strengthen the force for the farmers to participate in the governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities; the good governance of small-scale irrigation water facilities can be achieved under the background of the new era.
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