政府行为对农民秸秆资源化利用意愿的影响——基于'激励'与'约束'双重视角

摘要

The straw management situation in China needs urgent attention and the significance of the Government role in straw management cannot be neglected. Based on a survey data of farmers from Shandong and Hubei Provinces in 2016 and applying the Probit model, this paper analyzed the current management situations of crop straw resource utilization, explored farmers' expectations and perceptions of crop straw resource utilization policies, and empirically tested the influences of government behaviors on farmers' willingness of crop straw resource utilization. Results show that: currently, the straw resource utilization is not ideal, only accounting for 49.8％. The policies of financial incentives and other restrictions can encourage farmers to enhance utilization efficiency, with stronger influences from financial incentives than that from restrictions. In addition, the policies of financial incentives have not been effectively implemented and the restrictions, used as warning measures, have not been effectively promoted. Lastly, the influences of technology incentive policy is not very effective. In order to improve farmers' willingness to transfer straw into resources and the performance of environmental governance of government, this paper provides the following suggestions: to strengthen the publicity and education for farmers of straw resource utilization, to establish and to perfect the supporting service system, to reward and to punish strictly, and to combine encouragement measures and prevention measures, with more focus on encouragement.%秸秆治理形势严峻而迫切,政府作为重要主体,其作用不容忽视.对此,基于山东和湖北两省的农民调查数据,运用Probit模型,分析农民对秸秆资源化利用政策的期望与感知,探讨政府行为对农民秸秆资源化利用意愿的影响效应.结果表明,当前农民秸秆资源化利用情况并不理想,占比仅为49.8％,需要进一步提高.资金激励和约束手段都可以有效提高农民的秸秆资源化利用意愿,且资金激励的作用略大于约束手段.但目前激励政策并未得到有效实施,与农民期望相去甚远,虽然约束手段起到一定的警示作用,然而宣传效果不佳.此外,作为激励政策的一个重要方面,技术激励目前并未发挥显著作用.因此,为了提高农民对秸秆资源化利用的意愿,改善政府农村环境治理绩效,提出加强秸秆资源化利用的宣传教育,建立并完善配套化服务体系,赏罚严明,疏堵结合,以疏为主的政策建议.