轨下支承参数对钢轨声振特性影响研究

摘要

Rail radiation noise is one of the main components of wheel-rail noise and sub-rail support parameters have greater impact on rail vibration and acoustic radiation. The rail vibration mechanical model and acoustic boundary element model are established with the method of FEM/BEM to analyze the effects of sub-rail support parameters on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of rail and analyze the rule of the influences of fastener spacing, support rigidity and support damper on rail acoustic vibration. The results show that fastener support spacing has no obvious effect on rail vibration and acoustic radiation; at 20~200 Hz, reasonable fastener support stiffness can effectively reduce rail vibration and acoustic radiation;the reasonable fastener support damper which can effectively reduce the rail vibration is 20~2 000 Hz and the reasonable fastener support damper which can effectively reduce the rail acoustic radiation is 100~1 000 Hz;the influential frequency range of fastener support damper to the acoustic and vibration characteristics of rail is obviously wider than that of the fastener support stiffness.%钢轨辐射噪声是轮轨噪声的主要组成部分,轨下支承参数对钢轨的振动与声辐射有着较大的影响。为研究轨下支承参数对钢轨声振频域特性的影响,基于FEM/BEM方法,建立钢轨振动力学模型和声学边界元模型,分析轨下扣件支承间距、支承刚度和支承阻尼对钢轨声振特性的影响规律。结果表明：扣件支承间距对钢轨的声振特性影响不明显；在20~200 Hz之间,合理大小的扣件支承刚度可以有效地减少钢轨振动与声辐射；合理大小的扣件支承阻尼可以有效地减少钢轨振动的频率范围为20~2000 Hz,合理大小的扣件支承阻尼可以有效地减少钢轨声辐射的频率范围为100~1000 Hz；扣件支承阻尼对钢轨声振特性影响的频域明显要宽于扣件支承刚度。