创造低噪声的乘车环境，建立减振降噪环境友好型的地铁站区环境已成为轨道交通建设的发展趋势。测试分析一种陶粒混凝土制作的新型吸音结构HCM型吸声板的降噪效果。试验在北京交通大学轨道减振与振动控制实验室中进行，将吸声板铺设在轨道的钢轨之间，在道床和隧道壁上布置测点，模拟干燥、潮湿、下雨以及潮湿后干燥的工况进行试验测试。分析结果表明：不同测点和工况下，减噪效果都能达到4~5 dBA；频域分析表明，吸声板具有较宽的降噪频段。对于隧道壁测点，吸声板对250 Hz以上频段噪声的降噪效果较优；对于道床测点，吸声板对500 Hz以上频段噪声的降噪效果较好。%In recent years, creating low noise traveling environment and establishing vibration and noise reduction environment friendly subway environment has become the trend of the construction of rail transit in China. This paper analyzes the noise reduction effect of a new sound-absorbing structure-HCM sound-absorbing board made of ceramsite concrete. Tests were carried out in Track Vibration Damping and Vibration Control Laboratory of Beijing Jiaotong University. The sound-absorbing boards were laid between the rails of the track and measuring points were arranged in the road bed and the wall of the tunnel. The boards were tested under simulated dry, humid, rainy and wet dry conditions. Analysis results show that: noise reduction by 4 ~5 dBA can be obtained at different measuring points under different conditions;sound-absorbing board has a wide noise reduction spectrum indicated by analysis. At tunnel wall measuring points, noise reduction is more effective when frequency is over 250 Hz, and at road bed measuring points, the same is true when frequency is over 500 Hz.
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