无砟轨道中减振垫组合减振性能对比分析

摘要

The integral stiffness of ballastless track is larger than that of ballast track.Vibration reduction measures are taken to reduce wheel-rail vibration and environmental vibration generated by the running train.Three different combinations of anti-vibration pad are considered in the paper:(1) only rail pad;(2) rail pad and sleeper pad;(3) sleeper pad and slab pad.In order to research the harmonic response of vibration reduction performances of above three combinations,a vibration mechanical model is established with the method of FEM.The results show:combination (2) and (3) have no effect in reducing wheel-rail vibration;combination (3) can reduce environmental (support layer) vibration under 200 Hz,and the vibration acceleration level of the support layer can be reduced up to 11.98 dB;the effects are more obvious if frequency is low;combination (2) can only reduce a little environmental (support layer) vibration under 20 Hz,and the vibration acceleration level of the support layer can be reduced by 5.46 dB as the maximum.The calculations and analysis covered by this paper may provide some references for the design of proper pad location.%无砟轨道的整体刚度比有砟轨道大,为降低列车通过时的轮轨振动以及环境振动,有关无砟轨道的减振措施应运而生,考虑3种减振垫组合:轨下减振垫、轨下减振垫+枕下减振垫和轨下减振垫+板下减振垫.为研究3种减振垫组合情况下的减振性能,基于FEM方法,建立3种组合情况下的振动力学模型,对其进行谐响应分析,结果表明:轨下减振垫+税下减振垫组合和轨下减振垫+板下减振垫组合不利于减少轮轨(钢轨)振动;轨下减振垫+板下减振垫组合有助于降低200 Hz频率以下环境(底座板)振动,最多能降低底座板振动加速度级为11.98 dB,频率越低减振能力越强;轨下减振垫+枕下减振垫组合仅能略微降低20 Hz频率以下环境(底座板)振动,最多能降低底座板振动加速度级为5.46 dB;相关计算和分析可为合理设计减振垫位置提供依据.