通信车辆电磁兼容问题研究

摘要

The paper studies the interference problem of electrical system of the telecommunication vehicle chassis to vehicular frequency⁃hopping ( FH) radio. On the basis of analysis of vehicle chassis electrical system, the interference path of vehicle chassis electrical system to vehicular communication equipment is analyzed by channel simulation method, which increases the background noise,reduces the sensitivity of frequency hopping radio receiver,and decreases the radio communication distance,mainly because it is coupled to the vehicular FH radio antenna by the means of the radiation emission. A rapid and effective scheme of interference value testing,rectification and verification of vehicle chassis electrical system to the vehicular FH radio is proposed. Then the simple and effective EMC rectification measures are adopted. It is verified that the interference value of vehicle chassis electrical system to the vehicular FH radio drops to below 0.3 dB from 3~4 dB.In other words,the initial communication distance of the vehicular FH radio is only 15 km when starting engine,but now it is improved to 23.6 km,which satisfy the requirements of tactical communication specifications.%针对通信车辆底盘电气系统对车载跳频电台干扰问题进行研究。在对车辆底盘电气系统分析的基础上，通过信道模拟法，分析了车辆底盘电气系统对车载通信设备干扰途径，主要是通过辐射发射方式耦合到车载跳频电台天线，增大背景噪声，降低跳频电台接收机灵敏度，减小电台通信距离。提出了快速和有效的通信底盘电气系统对车载跳频电台干扰量测试与整改验证方案，并采取简单及有效的电磁兼容整改措施。经检验，底盘电气系统对车载跳频通信设备的干扰量由原来3～4 dB降至0．3 dB以下，即由原来开发动机时车载跳频电台只能通信15 km，改善为在开发动机时仍能通信23．64 km，满足战术通信指标要求。