河南淅川龙山时代陶鼎炭化残留物的碳、氮稳定同位素分析

摘要

对河南浙川丹江沿岸龙山时代若干遗址出土陶鼎残片内壁残留的炭化物,开展了碳、氮稳定同位素分析,旨在揭示该类型器物所盛放或烹煮过的食物来源以及器物的用途.结果显示,δ13C值介于C3和C4类植物之间,表明大部分器物曾烹煮过C3和C4类食物,根据该地区当时为稻粟混作区的状况,推测稻、粟可能是食物的主要来源；结合δ13C与δ15N值表明部分炭化物的生物来源包括豆科类植物、食肉类动物或鱼类资源,说明先民的蛋白质摄取来源较为丰富.因此,当时陶鼎加工的食物种类并不局限于肉类,这表明了陶鼎使用功能的广泛性以及当时人类食物来源的多样性,从而深化了对古代社会食物结构以及生存环境的认识.%Archaeological residues can provide significant information and compensate for the limitation of badly-preserved human or animal bones. Especially, the carbonized residues adhering to the vessel play an important role on the archaeological residues analysis. Thus, stable isotopic analyses of charred residues encrusted from the interiors can be used to infer the nature of the foods that were prepared in the articles of daily use.Large amounts of late Neolithic ceramics are excavated at archaeological sites in Xichuan County, Henan Province, China. Black charred residues, found on the interiors of dominant vessel forms, pots with three-legs, are presumed to be the remains of prehistoric meals. In order to reveal the sources of the palaeodiets that were prepared in the ceramics and the function of the type of vessels, thirteen typical potsherds with residues from five archaeological sites ( Shenmingpu, Linggang, Longshangang, Shuitianying and Xiawanggang ) along Dan River are selected and analysed, and all of which cover the late period of Longshan Culture around 5000 to 4000 years ago.The carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis of the samples gives the following results; from -24. 23‰ to -12. 83‰ for δ13C values and between -0. 77‰ and 13. 27‰ for δ15N values. The results of the values of δ13C and δ15N illustrate that the carbonized residues appear to be mainly composed of mixtures of C3 and C4 plants, legume and the flesh of carnivore or fish. The δ13C values might reflect C3 crops( rice) and C4 crops( millet) , which were also the sources of the remains of prehistoric meals. In addition,the dispersive values in δ15N show that the human had a plenty source of protein. A significant conclusion is that the pottery with three-legs took on universality and multifunction,and the sources of human diets had diversity at the period of Longshan Culture. To some extent, the conclusions deepen the cognition of the palaeodietary structure and subsistence to the ancient society.