This study was to explore the influence of endotoxin (ET) on small intestinal mucosa tissue and the protective effects of CA in rats .72 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups :the control group , ET group and CA group ,after appropriate treatment the duodenum ,jejunum tissue were collected and tested at 3 ,4 ,8 ,12 h .The pathological slices of above tissues were prepared and stained by H .E .,then were analyzed by graphical analysis system .The length of the intestinal villi of the duodenum and jejunum in ET group were shorter than in control and CA group at 3 ,4 ,8 ,12 h (P<0 .01) .The quantity of IEL in the duodenum and jejunum in ET group were less than that of control and CA group at 3 ,4 ,8 ,12 h (P<0 .01) .The quantities of IEL in the duodenum and jejunum in CA group were more than that of ET group at 4 ,8 ,12 h (P<0 .01) .The results indicated that ET could destroy the normal structures of small intestine ,reduce the length of the intestinal villi ,and consequently affect the normal absorptive and im‐mune function .However ,CA has protective effects by significantly relieving the toxic effects of ET .%本研究旨在揭示大肠埃希菌内毒素（E T ）对大鼠小肠黏膜的结构、绒毛长度、上皮内淋巴细胞（IEL ）的数量和分布的影响，并探讨CA对上述指标的保护效应。选用72只140 g～150 g SPF级SD大鼠随机分为3组，即对照组、ET组和CA保护组，经相应处理后分别在3、4、8、12 h采集十二指肠、空肠组织作为检测样本，制备病理组织切片，HE染色并利用图像分析系统进行分析。ET 组十二指肠和空肠绒毛长度在3、4、8、12 h均显著低于对照组和CA保护组（P＜0．01），ET组十二指肠、空肠IEL数量在3、4、8、12 h均显著低于对照组（ P＜0．01）；CA 保护组十二指肠和空肠 IEL 数量在4、8、12 h 均显著高于 ET 组（P＜0．01）。结果显示，ET在不同程度上能够破坏小肠黏膜的正常组织结构，降低小肠绒毛长度，减少IEL的数量，从而影响小肠正常的吸收和免疫功能，而CA 则能明显降低ET 所导致的毒性作用，发挥其保护效应。
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