我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

摘要

In order to understand the epidemic situation and drug susceptibility of mastitis pathogens in dair-y cows in China,247 batches of milk samples of dairy cows with mastitis were collected for bacterial isola-tion and drug susceptibility test in 5 provinces and autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang, Shandong,Shanghai and Hebei provinces.The results showed that 175 strains of bacteria were isolated from 247 milk samples,Escherichia coli 65 strains,accounting for 37.14%;Staphylococcus aureus 30 strains, accounting for 17.14%;Enterococcus faecalis 21 strains,accounting for 12.00%;Klebsiella 18 strains, 10.29%;Streptococcus 13 strains,accounting for 7.43%;Citrobacter freudii 12 strains,accounting for 6.86%;Staphylococcus saprophyticus 5 strains,accounting for 2.86%;Proteus 4 strains,accounting for 2.2 9 %;Serratia marcescens 3 strains,accounting for 1.7 1 %;Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 strains,ac-counting for 1.14%;Staphylococcus chromogenes 1 strain,accounting for 0.57% and Buttiauxella agrestis 1 strain,accounting for 0.57%.Drug resistance test results showed that the isolation of Gram-positive bac-teria on the highest rate of resistance to aztreonam,reached 100%,followed by penicillin(80.56%),ofloxa-cin (43.06%),cefoxitin (43.06%)and meropenem (41.67%)were higher than 40% resistance.Resistance rates were less than 10% for vancomycin (all sensitive),oxacillin (all sensitive),linezolid (all sensitive), ogomintine (all sensitive),cotrimoxazole (2.78%),ciprofloxacin (6.94%)and ampicillin (9.72%).The re-sistance of Gram-negative bacteria to ampicillin was the highest,reaching 83.50%,followed by florfenicol 44.66% and tetracycline 43.69% higher than 40%.Resistance rates were less than 10% with meropenem (all sensitive),cefoxitin (5.83%)and aztreonam (9.71%).The results provided a reference for the preven-tion and control of dairy cow mastitis and clinical medication.%为了解我国奶牛乳房炎病原菌的流行情况及其耐药性,对生鲜乳主产省区内蒙古、黑龙江、山东、上海、河北5省(市、自治区)共247批次患乳房炎病牛乳样,进行病原菌的分离鉴定和耐药性试验.结果表明,从247份乳样中分离到细菌175株,大肠埃希菌65株,占37.14%;金黄色葡萄球菌30株,占17.14%;粪肠球菌21株,占12.00%;克雷伯菌18株,占10.29%;链球菌13株,占7.43%;柠檬酸杆菌12株,占6.86%;腐生葡萄球菌5株,占2.86%;变形杆菌4株,占2.29%;黏质沙雷菌3株,占1.71%;表皮葡萄球菌2株,占1.14%;产色葡萄球菌1株,占0.57%;乡间布丘菌1株,占0.57%.耐药性试验结果显示,所分离得到革兰阳性菌对氨曲南的耐药率最高,达到了100%,其次为青霉素(80.56%)、氧氟沙星(43.06%)、头孢西丁(43.06%)及美罗培南(41.67%)耐药率均高于40%;耐药率低于10%的为万古霉素(全部敏感)、苯唑西林(全部敏感)、利奈唑胺(全部敏感)、奥格门汀(全部敏感)、复方新诺明(2.78%)、环丙沙星(6.94%)及氨苄西林(9.72%).所分离得到革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林的耐药性最高,达到了83.50%,其次为氟苯尼考44.66%和四环素43.69%,耐药率均高于40%;耐药率低于10%的有美罗培南(全部敏感)、头孢西丁(5.83%)和氨曲南(9.71%).该结果为奶牛乳房炎的防控和临床用药提供了参考依据.