基于晶格氧的甲烷化学链重整制合成气

摘要

Chemical looping reforming （CLR） of methane to obtain synthesis gas using lattice oxygen of oxygen carriers instead of molecular oxygen is a novel technology for producing synthesis gas from methane, which has higher economic benefits and environmental benign. CLR has several advantages, such as, saving oxygen generation equipment, capable of self-heating, suitable hydrogen/carbon ratio, useful by-products and realizing industrialization easily, so, it has been growing interest for researchers at home and aboard. Firstly, the basic concept and characteristics of CLR are introduced, which is partial oxidation of methane through controlling the value of lattice oxygen/fuel, thus, the synthesis gas is produced through the gas-solid reaction between methane and oxygen carriers, and the reduced oxygen carriers are re-oxidized by air or H20 to restore its lattice oxygen. Direct contact between fuel and combustion air is avoided in the CLR. Instead, an oxygen carrier performs the task of bringing 02 from the air to the fuel. In particular, it is summarized for the research progress of monometallic and composite metal oxygen carriers. And the same time, several kinds of typical representative reactor in CLR are discussed, among which interconnected fluidized bed reactor will be most effective for CLR to realize industrialization in the future. Finally, the expand application of CLR and the trends coupled with other technology are prospected.%利用氧载体中的晶格氧代替分子氧进行的甲烷化学链重整制合成气,是一种新颖的甲烷制合成气技术,具有较高经济效益和环境效应。它具有省却纯氧设备、能自热、合适的氢碳比、有用的副产物以及过程易于工业化等优点,因此受到国内外研究者的普遍关注。本文介绍了化学链重整技术的基本原理及其特点;重点总结了用于甲烷化学链重整的单金属氧载体和复合金属氧载体的研究进展;同时,探讨了几种具有典型代表的甲烷化学链重整反应装置,并指出串行流化床反应器是实现化学链重整技术工业化最有效的装置;最后对化学链重整技术的拓展应用以及与其他技术交叉运用等发展趋势进行了展望。