纳米NCS在电化学能量转换和储存中的制备和应用

摘要

镍-钴双金属硫化物(NiCo2S4)具有典型的AB2O4尖晶石结构,NiCo2S4的电导率比NiCo2O4电导率高两个数量级,在室温下的电导率高达1.25×106 S·m-1.此外,NiCo2S4可提供比相应的单组分硫化物更有效的氧化还原反应,由于其独特的纳米结构和电化学性能,具有很大的应用潜力.本文系统地综述了不同结构纳米NiCo2S4的制备及其在电化学能量转换和储存中的应用,介绍了NiCo2S4纳米材料的形貌特征、物化特性以及合成方法.预处理条件、制备方法和生长基体都会对NiCo2S4纳米结构的形貌和性能产生影响,不同纳米结构(如纳米针、纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米盒、纳米片、纳米板和层次结构)的NiCo2S4可通过多种方法制得(如水热法和溶剂热法、低温合成法、阴离子交换法、蒸气转换法、电沉积方法、共沉淀法和自组装等),其中最常用的是水热和溶剂热法,因为它们成本低、易于处理且适合大规模制造.同时,总结了NiCo2S4纳米材料在电催化、超级电容器和锂离子电池领域中的应用现状;分析和比较其不同纳米结构的制备工艺、方法和应用,希望能促进NiCo2S4纳米材料在电化学能量转换和储存领域的发展;最后提出NiCo2S4纳米材料的发展及应用方向.%Nickel-cobalt bimetallic sulfide (NiCo2S4) has a typical AB2O4 spinel structure.The conductivity of NiCo2S4 is two orders of magnitude higher than that of NiCo2O4,and its conductivity is 1.25 × 106S· m-1 at room temperature.In addition,NiCo2S4 provides a more efficient redox reaction than the corresponding onecomponent sulfide,and has great potential for its unique nanostructures and electrochemical properties.In this paper,the preparation of NiCo2S4 nanostructures and its application in electrochemical energy conversion and storage are reviewed.The morphology,physicochemical properties and synthesis methods of NiCo2S4 nano materials are introduced.Pretreatment conditions,preparation methods and growth matrix will have an effect on the morphology and properties of NiCo2S4 nanostructures.NiCo2S4 with different nanostructures (such as nanoneedles,nanowires,nanorods,nanotubes,nanocapses,nanosheets,nanostructures and hierarchical structures) can be prepared by a variety of methods (such as hydrothermal method and solvent heat method,low temperature synthesis method,anion exchange method,steam conversion method,electrodeposition method,coprecipitation method and self-assembly,etc.).Among them,hydrothermal and solvothermal are the most commonly used methods because they have the characteristics of low cost,easy handling and suitable for large scale manufacturing.The application status of NiCo2S4 nano materials in electrocatalysis,supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries is summarized.This paper analyzes and compares the preparation process,method and application of different nanostructures,hoping to promote the development of NiCo2S4 nano materials in the field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage.The development and application direction of NiCo2S4 nano materials are proposed.