观测光谱是研究天体的基础资料,对这些光谱的理解主要依靠理论模型.由于各模型依赖于众多的基本原子参数,且不同的模型对同一特定对象有不同的理解,所以对这些模型进行实验校准十分重要.电子束离子阱(electron beam ion trap,简称EBIT)能够产生与天体环境类似的等离子体环境,因此基于电子束离子阱的实验室光谱测量极大地促进了对天体X射线和极紫外辐射的研究.主要对以下内容进行介绍:卫星观测光谱和理论数值计算的现状及所面临的问题;基于电子束离子阱的类氖铁(Fe XVII)3C/3D重要诊断谱线比的最新研究进展;近年来实验室电子束离子阱对X射线和极紫外辐射的测量进展.最后,对现有的实验室光谱研究工作予以简要的展望.%Observed spectram is the basic data for celestial research. In recent years, with the enhancement of space, equipment, imaging technologies and simulation techniques, spec-trometers with larger effective area have provided abundant X-ray and extreme ultra-violet spectra with high resolution. These spectral data which will post deep insights on different ob jects, such as plasma heating, accretion of compact ob jects, energy storage and release, emission structure, feedback of supernova, as well as kinetics and dynamics in X-ray/EUV emitters, are mainly dissected by theoretical calculations. However, the models depend on many elementary atomic parameters and there are different understanding for the same ob ject between different models, it is necessary to calibrate these models by laboratory measurement. The electron beam ion trap which is an inexpensive compact device is an ideal facility for spectroscopic benchmark due to its overlapping electron density and temperature with as-trophysical plasma in stellar corona, supernova remnants and so on. Therefore, the spectral measurement based on the electron beam ion trap greatly promotes the study of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation. This article will focus on the following: current situation of spectra of satellite observations and theoretical calculation and the problems; the latest re-search progress of the important diagnostic line ratio(Fe XVII's 3C/3D) based on EBIT;recent advances in laboratory measurement of X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation based on electron beam ion trap. Finally, a brief prospect for the laboratory spectroscopy research will be given.
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