地球同步轨道动态监视光学系统研制进展

摘要

With the increasing frequency of satellite launch activities, several major coun-tries in the world are very concerned about the geosynchronous orbit because of its scarcity. As essential means of monitoring the geosynchronous orbit, ground based electro-optic tele-scopes can play important roles in the field of target dynamic monitoring and spatial event discovery. Based on the results of the prototype test and combined with the new application requirements, the research team successfully developed a new generation of geosynchronous orbit dynamic monitoring optical system,that is FocusGEO.The telescope adopted a unique design scheme with three tubes installed on an equatorial mount in order to obtain a huge field of view about 260 square degree. So the geosynchronous orbit over the station can be observed more efficiently in 15 minutes. The experimental result shows that the observation performance of FocusGEO is close to 85% and the accuracy of GEO target positioning is better than 3″. We plan to move the telescope to Lijiang Observatory which is very suitable for optical observation and begin routine running soon.%由于卫星发射活动日益频繁,地球同步轨道已成为一种稀缺资源,并受到世界各国密切关注和保护.作为地球同步轨道必不可少的监测手段,光学手段可以在目标动态监视和空间事件发现领域发挥重要的作用.中国科学院上海天文台研究团队利用两年时间研制了新一代地球同步轨道动态监视光学系统,即FocusGEO.FocusGEO 的望远镜采用单机架三镜筒赤道式结构,具有约260(°)2超大视场,15 min内即可对台站上空地球同步轨道带完成一次扫描观测.2017年8月开展的试验观测表明,即使在夜天光背景较亮的上海市佘山地区,FocusGEO 的望远镜对地球同步轨道目标的观测效能也接近85%,方位和俯仰方向观测精度均优于3″,可靠性也满足常规观测条件.详细介绍FocusGEO的软硬件组成、观测模式,以及初步观测结果,并介绍了下一步要开展的工作.