微生物法回收贵金属二次资源的研究进展

摘要

Precious metals (PMs) are widely used in industries due to their unique physical and chemical properties. An increasing demand but a limited availability of PMs has led to great rises or fluctuations in their price. Thus it is urgent and attractive to recover PMs from secondary resources. The biosorptive recovery of PMs from waste solutions and secondary resources has attracted much attention, because it is more effective as well as cost-saving than traditional techniques. Besides, it is suitable for processing low concentration wastewater. The recent advances in biosorbents and biosorption for recovery of PMs were summarized in this review. The biosorptive mechanism and the influencing factors were also discussed.%贵金属具有众多优良特性，在现代工业中应用广泛。我国金、银资源虽较丰富，但铂族金属极其匮乏，随着国民经济的快速发展，近年已成为贵金属需求大国，供需矛盾十分突出。随着贵金属产品的更新换代，每年产出大量的贵金属二次资源。因此，从二次资源中高效清洁回收贵金属具有十分重要的意义。目前从二次资源中回收贵金属的方法存在着成本高、环境污染严重、回收效率低等弊端。微生物吸附法是近年来发展起来的一种新技术，它具有成本低、吸附效果好、适合处理低浓度废液等特点。综述了微生物吸附贵金属工艺的研究现状、微生物吸附贵金属的机理，阐述了对微生物吸附工艺的各种影响因素。