稗属植物种质资源及应用价值研究进展

摘要

稗属(Echinochloa)植物是一种繁殖力强、生态适应性广的草本植物,在全世界均有大面积分布,因其危害多种农作物的生长,过去多把稗属植物看作恶性杂草来研究.稗属植物除作为杂草外,还具有很高的饲用价值,其营养丰富,草质柔嫩,适口性好,是发展绿色畜产品的新型优质牧草.本文综述了稗属植物种质资源分布和系统进化的研究概况,从形态学水平、细胞学水平、生化水平和分子水平上总结了稗属植物遗传多样性的研究进展,并着重介绍了稗属植物的经济价值和优良基因的利用.分析了我国稗属植物种质资源研究存在的问题及发展前景,指出今后应加强对稗属植物种质资源搜集、分类、遗传多样性、基因组学的研究和饲用稗草的开发利用.%Echinochloa is a herb with rapid fertility and wide adaptability,which is distributed worldwide.In the past,Echinochloa was studied as a malignant weed because of the damage caused to the growth of a variety of crops.In addition to being a weed plant,Echinochloa also has very high forage value.It is under develop-ment as a new high-quality forage for green livestock products because of its rich nutrition,soft grass quality, and good palatability.In this paper,the general situation and phylogenetic distribution of Echinochloa were summarized.The progress of research on its genetic diversity was discussed in terms of morphology,cytology, biochemistry,and molecular biology.The economic value and excellent gene utilization of Echinochloa were de-scribed.We also comprehensively analyzed the problems and prospects of the study on germplasm resources of Echinochloa in China,concluding that research should focus on the collection,classification,genetic diversity, genomics,development,and utilization of Echinochloa.