河北省内丘县农村居民高血压患病现状及其与饮食习惯关系的调查研究

摘要

目的：调查河北省内丘县农村居民高血压患病现状及其与饮食习惯的关系。方法采用三阶段整群分层随机抽样方法于2013年9月抽取河北省内丘县6个行政村17周岁及以上常住居民2020人，参照《全国心脑血管病危险因素监测资料》调查表，结合本研究目的自行设计调查表。调查内容包括年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体力活动、既往史、家族史、饮食习惯、身高、体质量及血压。分析河北省内丘县农村居民高血压患病现状，并对高血压饮食习惯相关影响因素进行多因素 Logistic 回归分析。结果实际发放2020份调查问卷，回收1898份，有效率为93.9%。1898例农村居民中发现高血压382例，高血压患病率为20.1%。不同职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、体质指数（BMI）及有无高血压家族史农村居民高血压患病率比较，差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。随着年龄增长，农村居民高血压患病率呈现上升趋势（χ2趋势=126.78，P =0.00）。校正年龄等相关因素后，多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，干果〔 OR =0.986，95% CI（0.976，0.995）〕、新鲜蔬菜〔 OR =0.985，95% CI （0.979，0.999）〕、禽肉〔OR =0.987，95% CI（0.980，0.995）〕、畜肉〔OR =0.994，95% CI（0.992，0.997）〕摄入量多是高血压的保护因素，食盐摄入量多〔OR =1.016，95% CI（1.004，1.037）〕是高血压的危险因素。结论河北省内丘县农村居民高血压患病率较高，且非农民、文化程度低、婚姻状况差、BMI 大、有高血压家族史及高龄人群高血压患病率高，该地区农村居民膳食结构存在一定程度不合理，且与高血压的发病有关。%Objective To investigate the hypertension prevalence and its correlation with dietary habits of rural residents in Neiqiu County,Hebei Province. Methods A total of 2 020 permanent rural residents( ≥17 years old) were selected by three - phase stratified random cluster sampling method in 6 administrative villages in Neiqiu County in September 2013,self - made questionnaire was designed according to The National Cardio - cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors Monitoring Data and the purpose of this study,including age,gender,profession,educational level,marital status,smoking,drinking, physical activities,personal medical history,family history,dietary habits,height,weight and blood pressure. The morbidity of hypertension was analyzed,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze dietary habits related influencing factors. Results The questionnaire recovery efficiency was 93. 9% (1 898 / 2 020),and the morbidity of hypertension was 20. 1% (382 / 1 898). There were statistically significant differences of morbidity of hypertension in rural residents with different professions,different educational level,different marital status,different BMI and with or without history of hypertension(P ﹤0. 05). With the age increased,the morbidity of hypertension accordingly increased( χ2trend = 126. 78,P = 0. 00). After adjusting age and other influencing factors,multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that,abundant dried fruit intake〔OR = 0. 986,95% CI(0. 976,0. 995)〕,abundant fresh vegetables intake〔 OR = 0. 985,95% CI(0. 979,0. 999)〕, abundant poultry intake〔OR = 0. 987,95% CI(0. 980,0. 995)〕,abundant livestock meat intake〔 OR = 0. 994,95% CI (0. 992,0. 997)〕were protective factors of hypertension,while overmuch salt intake was one of risk factors of hypertension〔OR = 1. 016,95% CI(1. 004,1. 037)〕. Conclusion The morbidity of hypertension is relatively high,non - farmer rural residents or with low education level,with poor marital status,with higher BMI,with family history of hypertension,with advanced age are high - risk crowd in Neiqiu County,Hebei Province;and the dietary pattern exists some irrationality,and is correlated with the onset of hypertension.