考虑电动汽车智能充放电的独立微网优化配置

摘要

Considering the storage characteristics of EVs in the microgrid,the Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain the possible dispatch periods and initial SOC of EVs in the microgrid,and the discharge indicator is introduced to decide whether EV is under the management of microgrid.The sizing of distributed energy in the stand-alone microgrid is optimized according to microgrid energy management strategy considering EV smart charge-discharge.The optimal sizing model is applied with an economic objective,and the environmental expenditure is reduced to the objective function.The power supply reliability as a mandatory target is added to constraints to ensure load power supply,at the same time the regular travel of EVs should not be affected.The optimal sizing model is solved using artificial bee colony algorithm.The example analysis shows that compared with the uncoordinated charging mode and off-peak charging mode,the smart charge-discharge mode can reduce the number of energy storage devices and obtain a more economical sizing result.The driving behavior scenario simulation is made for different numbers of EVs,and results show that the randomness of EV driving behavior has little effect on the result of the optimal sizing,which proves that the proposed optimal sizing model considering smart EV charge-discharge has strong stability and practicability.%由于接入微网的EV具有储能特性,对其充放电进行合理调度控制能够减少储能的配置,降低微网综合成本.文中提出考虑EV智能充放电的微网能量管理策略,通过蒙特卡洛模拟得到EV可参与微网调度的具体时间段和初始SOC,引入放电指示变量判断EV能否参与微网调度,优先由可调度的EV平抑风光发电与负荷的差额.优化配置模型以经济性最优为目标,环保费用折算到目标函数中,将可靠性作为约束条件从而在满足负荷供电的同时不影响EV正常出行.优化模型求解采用搜索精度较高、鲁棒性较强的人工蜂群算法.对不同数量的EV行驶行为进行多次场景模拟,结果表明在长达一年的研究周期下,EV行驶行为的随机性对优化配置结果影响甚小,证明本文提出的EV智能充放电模式下微网能量管理策略适用于全寿命周期的微网优化配置,具有较强的稳定性和实用性.