澜沧江-湄公河航道哈乐滩碍航特性及整治措施

摘要

澜沧江-湄公河航道上哈乐滩具有弯、 浅、 险、 窄、 急等特点.根据现场调查资料,结合数学模型计算结果,分析了哈乐滩成滩原因及碍航特性.哈乐滩右岸楠罗河山洪冲出的石块及大卵石堆积在溪口形成冲洪积扇,近年来冲积扇发育,进一步侵占河床泄水断面,同时岸线凹凸不平,导致滩险上段水流弯曲,中段坡陡流急,船舶枯水上滩困难.针对哈乐滩滩险成因及碍航特点,提出炸礁和修筑整治建筑物结合的措施,解决滩险碍航问题.%Loh rapids on the Lancang-Mekong River has the characteristics of curved, shallow, risks, narrow and rapids. Based on analysis of the site investigation data and results of the mathematic model calculation, this paper analyzes the causes of the rapids and the characteristics of the navigation.The rocks and cobblestones, which rushed out from Nile River by torrential flood, accumulate in estuary of the river and form an alluvial fan. In recent years, because of the development of the alluvial fan, river drainage section is occupied.Furthermore, the coastline is uneven.All those cause the water bend at the top of the rapids, and steep in the middle.It is difficult for ships to pass through rapids. In view of the causes and characteristics of Loh rapids, this paper puts forward the measures to combine the reefs and regulating structure in order to solve the problem of navigation.