土壤熏蒸结合机械化深耕处理防治连作土壤西瓜根结线虫效果评价

摘要

为筛选防治西瓜根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita ）的安全、高效防治技术，本研究对浅耕、深耕、浅耕＋棉隆、深耕＋棉隆4种土壤连作障碍处理耕作机械化技术防治西瓜根结线虫的效果及对土壤微量元素的影响等进行了评价。结果表明，与对照普通耕作模式相比，4种处理均能显著降低土壤中西瓜根结线虫的数量，提高对根结线虫的防治效果，增加西瓜的产量。其中，以深耕＋棉隆处理的防治效果和增产效果最好。深耕＋棉隆处理可以增加交换性镁和有效硒的含量，对交换性钙和有效铜的含量没有显著影响。综合评价认为深耕＋棉隆处理适于在西瓜根结线虫发生非常严重的地区推广应用，而对于根结线虫发生特别轻的地区，仅以浅耕处理就能有效控制其危害。本研究提供了一种耕作措施与化学农药熏蒸相结合防治根结线虫的新方法，对于减少化肥农药用量，保护农业生态环境安全具有重要意义。%For screening safe and efficient control techniques to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incogni-ta )in continuous cropping watermelon system,four mechanical tillage technologies including shallow tillage,deep tillage,shallow tillage in combination with dazomet,and deep tillage in combination with dazomet were carried out to evaluate the effects on nematodes and micro minerals.Compared with the common tillage mode,all the four treatments significantly reduced the number of root-knot nematodes in the soil,improved the control effica-cy,and increased the yield of watermelon.Among those treatments,deep tillage in combination with dazomet had the best effects on nematode control and watermelon yield.Treatment of deep tillage in combination with dazomet increased the level of exchangeable magnesium and effective selenium,but had no significant impact on the level of exchangeable calcium and effective copper.Comprehensive evaluation suggested that deep tillage in combination with dazomet was applicable to the areas where root-knot nematodes occurred severely,while the shallow tillage treatment was effective for the areas where the disease is not very serious.In this investigation,a new mode of controlling root-knot nematode was presented by deep tillage in combination with fumigation,which would be useful in decreasing the dosage of chemical and fertilizer,and protecting the agricultural eco-environment.