全压力式液化烃储罐注水措施设计

摘要

全压力式液化烃储罐增加注水措施是处置液化烃泄漏事故的有效办法之一,尽管它不能从根本上解决液化烃储罐泄漏,但可为暂时切断或减少泄漏、处置泄漏储罐、彻底封堵漏点提供安全保障,这在液化烃泄漏事故处置上已有多个成功案例,事实证明行之有效,将该内容写入规范是对液化烃储罐安全设计的重要贡献,但规范仅给出了原则的要求,工程设计上差异很大.结合设计经验,阐述了注水机理和注水条件,从水源、水质、流量、压力、管路和接口等方面论述了如何更好地完成液化烃储罐注水措施设计,指出了增加注水措施是针对常温全压力式液化烃储罐而言的,且液化烃应不溶或微溶于水、密度比水小,并提出了对《石油化工企业设计防火规范》的修订建议.%Water flooding is one of the proven and effective methods for mitigating the leakage of the pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon storage tank. Although water flooding can't solve the tank leakage problem fundamentally, it can improve the safety in temporary stopping or minimizing the leakage, repairing or completely fixing the leakage. A number of successful applications have proven that it is very effective in handling the leaking emergencies of liquefied hydrocarbon tanks. To write this in standard specifications is a significant contribution to the safety design of liquefied hydrocarbon storage tank. While the Specification only lists the basic requirements, there're still many different understandings in the project design. In the paper, based upon the authors' design experience, the mechanisms and conditions of water flooding as well as the improved way to complete the water flooding method design in respect of water source, water quality, flowrate, pressure, pipeline and interface, etc are described. It is pointed out that the addition of water flooding is for storage tank filled with pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon at normal temperature under the condition that liquefied hydrocarbon is not soluble or little soluble in water and the density is lower than that of water. Revision of " Fire Prevention Code of Petrochemical Enterprises" is recommended.