海相优质烃源岩的超显微有机岩石学特征与岩石学组分分类

摘要

为研究海相优质烃源岩的超显微结构特征，对我国南方海相优质烃源岩层系开展了岩石学和有机岩石学综合分析。通过扫描电镜与能谱进行矿物组成和有机质类型与赋存特征分析，发现有机质主要以硅质生屑颗粒、钙质生屑颗粒、黏土颗粒和有机颗粒4种方式赋存，进而对海相优质烃源岩提出了按生物类型、生物分子结构组成及其生烃特征和沉积成岩变化的成因分类方案，包括生物骨壳碎屑（包括生物矿物）、成烃生物碎屑、沥青组、自生矿物（或原生矿物）、次生矿物（包括表生矿物）和他生黏土矿物等6大类。这对海相优质烃源岩的有机岩石学和岩相学研究具有指导作用。%Petrology and organic petrology analyses were completed for excellent marine source rocks collected from South China in order to study their ultramicroscopic structure. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum ( EDS) were applied to study mineral components and organic matter occurrence. Organic matter mainly occurs as siliceous biodetritus, calcareous biodetritus, clay⁃size particles and organic particles. Excellent marine source rocks were classified into six types, including shell detritus, biodetritus, bitumen, authigenic mineral, secondary mineral and terrigenous clay mineral, according to their biotype, biomolecule structure, hydrocarbon generation characteristics and diagenesis evolution.