由乙醇合成1，3-丁二烯的新型催化剂

摘要

MgO/γ-Al2O3 and ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for the synthesis of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde were prepared,and were characterized by means of TG-DTG,XRD,TEM,BET and TPD. Their activities for the synthesis were evaluated in a fi xed bed reactor. The results showed that the catalytic performances of the MgO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were better than those of the ZrO2/γ-Al2O3. When the loading of MgO onγ-Al2O3 was 5%(w),the active component MgO could be dispersed on the support well,and the catalyst showed proper acidity and basicity,which was benefi cial to the synthesis. Under the reaction conditions of 350℃,atmosphere pressure,LHSV 1.8 h-1 and volume ratio of ethanol to acetaldehyde 2.5∶1,the conversion of ethanol,the conversion of acetaldehyde and the selectivity to 1,3-butadiene were 50.42%,56.49% and 36.64%,respectively.%针对乙醇和乙醛合成1，3-丁二烯的反应特点，设计并制备了MgO/γ-Al2O3和ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂；采用TG-DTG， XRD，SEM，BET，TPD等方法对催化剂的晶相结构、微观结构和酸碱性质进行了表征；在固定床微型反应装置上对MgO/γ-Al2O3和ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂上乙醇与乙醛合成1，3-丁二烯的反应活性进行了评价。实验结果表明，MgO/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化合成1，3-丁二烯的效果较好，当MgO的负载量为5%（w）时，MgO在γ-Al2O3载体表面分散均匀、比表面积较高、催化剂表面的酸性位和碱性位数量适中；在该催化剂上，当反应条件为350℃、常压、液态空速1.8 h-1、乙醇与乙醛的体积比2.5∶1时，1，3-丁二烯的选择性为36.64%，乙醇和乙醛的转化率分别为50.42%和56.49%。