The packing of cohesive particles is of paramount importance in many industries because the packing structure is closely related to process performance.A general relation between packing density and interparticle force was previously proposed based on packing structures formed without dynamic fluid flows.Its universality is examined here in two different packings,formed in settling and defluidization of static and dynamic fluids,respectively.First,it is shown that the packings of the same particles formed by two different methods have different structures because of different impact-induced pressures.Nevertheless,a one-to-one relationship between packing density and structural properties still holds regardless of the different packing methods,and the force distribution in those packings obeys similar rules.Finally,the packing densities obtained by the different methods are demonstrated to be universally correlated with the ratio of the interparticle force to the effective gravity.These findings indicate that different phenomena of particulate systems at a macro-or meso-scale may share similar microscopic origins,with the interparticle force playing a crucial role.
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