美国与南极治理：利益考量及政策实践

摘要

Under the influence of globalization and climate change,the Antarctic governance has been an international hot topic.America has developed and implemented a series of policy practice to promote Ant-arctic governance for ensuring the authority of the Aatarctic treaty system,tapping the value of scientific re-search,developing some resources and protecting the ecological environment.These policies have effective-ly constructed strong international discourse power in the Antarctic governance and guaranteed its ability to influence the direction and trend of the Antarctic governance.China has great scientific,security,political and economic interests in the Antarctic.But compared with Amercia,China is only a latecomer in Antarctic affairs and our discourse power is rather weak.So America's Antarctic policy has some reference value for China to engage in the Antarctic governance in the creative way.%在全球化和气候变化的影响下，南极治理已然成为国际社会关注的热点话题。为保障南极条约体系的权威性、挖掘南极的科研价值、开发利用部分南极资源、维护南极较为原始的生态环境，美国采取了一系列政策实践推动南极国际治理，有效构建了美国在南极治理中的强大国际话语权，进而决定了其有能力影响南极治理的发展趋势及方向。中国在南极地区拥有重要的安全、政治、科研及经济利益，但与美国相比，我国只是南极事务的“后来者”，在南极治理中的话语权较为薄弱。因而，美国的南极政策对于我国创造性介入南极治理具有一定的借鉴价值。