儿童供肾双肾移植临床效果研究

摘要

目的 探讨儿童逝世后器官捐献供肾双肾整块肾移植的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析9例儿童供肾双肾移植供、受者临床资料.计算受者的1年人、肾存活率,观察术后1年受者肾功能恢复情况,移植肾长度变化及术后不良事件发生情况.结果 9例受者术后1年的人、肾存活率分别为8/9、72%.随访1年,血清肌酐(Scr)水平由术前(747±170)μmol/L下降至(83±27)μmol/L,血尿素氮由术前(24.5±4.9)mmol/L下降至(6.8±2.0)mmol/L,移植肾长度由术前(61.1±9.8)mm增长至(100.3±1.7)mm.术后发生移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF)2例,行血液透析过渡后恢复移植肾功能;发生急性排斥反应2例,予甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后逆转;1例于术后2周发生肺部真菌感染,停用免疫抑制剂,予抗真菌治疗,但效果不佳,于术后3个月死亡;1例术后7 d发生移植肾动脉血栓形成,术后10 d行移植肾切除术,恢复血液透析;1例术后1个月发生1个移植肾动脉栓塞,剩余移植肾功能正常,术后6个月生长明显.此外,发生移植肾输尿管狭窄2例、蛋白尿2例、腹主动脉狭窄1例、尿瘘1例,经相应处理后均治愈或好转.结论 儿童逝世后器官捐献供肾双肾整块肾移植围手术期并发症较多,但随着经验逐步积累,儿童双供肾肾移植的移植效果在逐步改善.%Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric organ donation after death. Methods Clinical data of donors and recipients undergoing en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric donor kidneys were retrospectively analyzed. The 1-year survival rates of the recipient and grafted kidney were calculated. The recovery of renal function at postoperative 1 year was observed. The changes in the length of grafted kidney and incidence of postoperative adverse events were monitored. Results The 1-year survival rate of the recipients was 8/9, and 72% for the grafted kidney. During 1-year follow-up, the serum creatinine (Scr) level was down-regulated from (747± 170) μmol/L before transplantation to (83±27) μmol/L post-transplantation, the blood urea nitrogen concentration was decreased from (24.5±4.9) mmol/L to (6.8±2.0) mmol/L, and the length of transplanted kidney was increased from (61.1±9.8) mm to (100.3±1.7) mm. Two recipients suffered from delayed graft function(DGF) and restored after hemodialysis. Two cases developed acute rejection and healed after methylprednisolone shock therapy. One recipient presented with lung fungal infection at postoperative 2 weeks after transplantation, and was treated by the withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents and antibacterial treatment with poor clinical efficacy. Then the recipient died at 3rd month. One case had renal arterial thrombosis at postoperative 7 d, underwent nephrectomy at postoperative 10 d and returned to hemodialysis. At postoperative 1st month, one recipient suffered from thrombosis of unilateral renal artery. The grafted kidney in other side normally functioned and significantly grew in size at postoperative 6 months. In addition, two cases had ureterostenosis of the transplanted kidney, albuminuria in 2, abdominal aortic stenosis in 1 and urinary fistula in 1. All these symptoms were cured or alleviated after corresponding treatment. Conclusions The incidence of perioperative complications is relatively high in en-bloc kidney transplantation from pediatric organ donation after death, whereas the clinical efficacy of such kidney transplantation can be gradually increased along with the accumulation of clinical experience.