食管癌患者症状群与生活质量的相关性分析

摘要

目的：描述食管癌患者的症状群种类，分析其与患者生活质量的相关性。方法收集190例食管癌患者的一般资料，采用埃德蒙顿症状评价系统量表（ESAS）和癌症治疗功能评价系统（FACT-G）对癌症患者症状和生活质量进行调查；通过主成分分析提取食管癌的症状群，通过Pearson相关分析探讨症状群与生活质量各维度间的相关性，并利用多元线性回归分析生活质量和不同症状群间的关系。结果食管癌患者同时受多种症状困扰，症状频率和严重程度最高的是疲乏为180（94.6%），（6.13±1.65）分；食管癌患者生活质量总得分为（63.53±12.44）分，处于中等水平。评分最低为情感状况（14.37±4.72）分，最高为社会/家庭状况（17.45±3.40）分；食管癌患者存在胃肠道、情感及病感3种症状群，且症状群与患者生活质量相关（P﹤0.05）；胃肠道症状群和病感症状群是食管癌患者生活质量主要的影响因素（P﹤0.05）。结论食管癌患者存在症状多，受多个症状群困扰，生活质量水平中等。护理人员应根据症状群特点，制定更高效、更个体化的干预机制，提高患者生活质量。%Objective To summarize the symptom clusters of esophageal cancer, and investigate the correlation with quality of life (QOL). Method The demographics of 190 patients with esophageal cancer were collected, for which the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) were utilized to evaluate all subjects’symptoms and QOL. Principal component analysis was applied to extract the esoph-ageal cancer symptoms, and the correlation between symptom clusters and all domains of QOL was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, while multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between QOL and all aspects of symptom clusters. Result Patients with esophageal cancer were tormented by a variety of symp-toms, and fatigue was the most common and severe one [180 (94.6%), (6.13 ± 1.65) points];The total score of QOL for esophageal cancer patients was (63.53 ± 12.44), which was relatively fair;Emotional status had the lowest score (14.37 ± 4.72) points, while the highest was in social/family status (17.45±3.40) points;Patients with esophageal cancer had three symptom clusters regarding gastrointestinal tract, emotional disorder and sickness feelings, which were correlated with the QOL (P<0.05); Gastrointestinal tract symptom clusters and sickness feelings were main factors influencing the QOL of patients with esophageal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with esophageal cancer suffer from varied and disturb-ing symptoms, leading a life with compromised quality. More efficient and individualized interventions should be estab-lished based on the characteristics of symptom clusters in nursing care to improve patients’quality of life.