以食物交换份法为基础的营养干预对维持性血液透析患者营养状况和生活质量的影响

摘要

目的:观察以食物交换份法为基础的营养干预对维持性血液透析患者营养状况和生活质量的影响.方法:选择我院2015年6月~2016年6月82例维持性血液透析患者为研究对象,随机等分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予常规护理,观察组采用以食物交换份法为基础的营养干预,入组时、干预6个月后检查血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb),采用美国简明健康测量(MOS-SF36)量表评价生活质量.结果:干预6个月,观察组TP,ALB,Hb水平均高于入组时和对照组(P<0.05).观察组总体健康、活力、生理职能、生理功能、躯体疼痛5个维度评分较入组时明显升高(P<0.05).而对照组较入组时无明显变化,观察组干预后6个月总体健康、活力、生理职能、生理功能、躯体疼痛5个维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:以食物交换份法为基础的营养干预简便易行,可改善维持性血液透析患者的营养状况,对生活质量的提高有促进作用.%Objective:To observe the effect of nutritional intervention based on food exchange method on nutritional status and quality of life in patients un-dergoing maintenance hemodialysis.Methods:A total of 82 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2016 were selected and randomly and equally divided into control group and observation group.The control group received routine nursing, and the observation group received nutritional intervention based on food exchange method.The total serum protein(TP), serum albumin(ALB) and hemoglobin(Hb) were examined when they were enrolled in the group and 6 months after intervention.The medical outcomes study short form 36-item(MOS-SF36) scale was adopted for the evaluation of quality of life.Results:After 6 months of intervention, the levels of TP, ALB and Hb in the observation group were higher than those when the patients were enrolled in the group and those in the control group(P<0.05).The scores of 5 dimensions of general health, vitality, role physical, physiological function and body pain in the observation group were significantly higher than those when they were enrolled in (P<0.05).There was no sig-nificant change in the control group compared with that when they were enrolled in.The scores of 5 dimensions of general health, vitality, role physical, physiological function and body pain in the observation group after 6 months of intervention were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclu-sion: Nutritional intervention based on food exchange method is simple and feasible , which can improve nutritional status of the patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and promote quality of life.