社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素分析

摘要

目的：了解上海市社区空巢老人的抑郁状况及其影响因素，为政府有关部门完善相关政策提供依据.方法便利抽样选择上海市嘉定区真新街道4个街区的空巢老人212名，应用老年抑郁量表、社会支持量表等测量工具对其进行调查，并对结果进行统计分析.结果社区空巢老人抑郁发生率为31．13％.经单因素分析，年龄大、无配偶、文化程度低、独居、参加体育活动频率低、1年内住过院、自我健康评价低者，其抑郁评分及其发生率高，差异有统计学意义(均 P ＜0．05).经逐步多元线性回归分析，社区空巢老人抑郁评分的主要影响因素包括年龄、有无配偶、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价、1年内是否住过院(P ＜0．05).相关性分析发现，社区空巢老人的抑郁分值与其客观支持、主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分均呈负相关(P ＜0．01).结论社区空巢老人抑郁状况的影响因素众多，社区及家庭应多给予关注，尤其是高龄、无配偶、独居的空巢老人，以期为空巢老人营造幸福安康的生活环境，提高其生命质量.%Objective To investigate the depression of empty nest elderly in community and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for administration.Methods By convenience sampling,212 empty nest elders in 4 communities were selected and investigated by using geriatric depression scale and social sup-port rate scale,and analysis the results.Results The prevalence rate of depression among the empty nest elders was 31.13%.The univariate analysis relsults showed that the incidence of depression in the aged,no spouse,lower literacy,living alone,lower physical activity frequency,hospitalization in a year,lower self-assessment of health condition was high (all P <0.05).The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the depression of the aged was mainly influenced by age,marriage status,living status,physical activity frequency,self-assessment of health condition,hospitalization in a year(P <0.05).The depression of the aged was negatively related to subjective support,objective support,utilization of social support and total score of social support(P <0.01).Conclusion Multiple factors may influence the depression of elderly.The society and family should give them more concern especially for those with aging,no spouse and living a-lone and set up a happy life environment to improve their quality of life.