陕北延安“7.3暴雨”诱发地质灾害主要类型与特征

摘要

Great amount of geo-hazards have been triggered by the continuous heavy rain since July 3,2013 in Yan′an.It made a serious threat to the local inhabitants'properties and lives. Based on lots of site-investigations of these regions,this paper made a systematic research on the main types and characteristics of the landslide.To conclude,three main types of geo-hazards were identified, including landslide, collapse and debris flow, especially small-scale loess collapse,shallow loess landslide,debris flow on slope and gully debris flow caused by hazards chains.In the continuous rainfall conditions,the composite geo-hazard is the primary disaster leading to casualty and property loss.%2013年7月3日以来，陕西延安地区百年不遇的持续性强降雨，引发了大量的崩塌、滑坡、泥流地质灾害，造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。通过野外实地调查，对本次持续性强降雨诱发大范围地质灾害的主要类型和特征进行了较为系统的研究。研究表明，本次持续性强降雨引发的地质灾害共计8000余处，灾害类型主要有崩塌、滑坡和泥流，分别以小规模黄土崩塌、浅表层黄土滑坡、坡面型黄土泥流为主，以及上述灾种链生转化形成的沟谷型泥流。在持续降雨条件下，多灾种转化而成的复合型灾害是造成人员伤亡和财产损失的主要类型。